Kharkhorin (Хархорин), once known as Karakorum, is a historically significant city in Mongolia and the former capital of the Mongol Empire. Located in the Orkhon Valley, about 370 kilometers southwest of Ulaanbaatar, Kharkhorin holds immense cultural and historical value. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized as part of the Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape, a vital cradle of nomadic civilization.
Established in 1220 by Genghis Khan and later expanded by his son Ögedei Khan, Kharkhorin was a political, economic, and cultural hub of the Mongol Empire. While much of the ancient city was destroyed in the 14th century, the area remains a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts.
One of the most famous landmarks in Kharkhorin is Erdene Zuu Monastery, the first Buddhist monastery in Mongolia, built in 1585. Surrounded by 108 stupas, the monastery blends traditional Mongolian and Tibetan architecture. Visitors can explore its temples, view ancient relics, and immerse themselves in Mongolia’s Buddhist heritage.
Nearby, the Kharkhorin Museum showcases artifacts from the Mongol Empire, including tools, pottery, and religious items. The Orkhon River and surrounding valley provide a stunning natural backdrop, perfect for hiking, photography, and exploring Mongolia’s nomadic lifestyle.
Kharkhorin is easily accessible from Ulaanbaatar, making it a popular destination for history buffs, culture enthusiasts, and adventure travelers. Whether you’re exploring ancient ruins, visiting Erdene Zuu Monastery, or learning about the Mongol Empire at the museum, Kharkhorin offers a unique glimpse into Mongolia’s rich past and vibrant culture.